Methods for stripping photoresist and/or cleaning metal regions

ABSTRACT

Methods are provided for cleaning metal regions overlying semiconductor substrates. A method for removing material from a metal region comprises heating the metal region, forming a plasma from a gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and exposing the metal region to the plasma.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to semiconductor fabrication, and more particularly relates to methods for stripping photoresist and/or cleaning metal or metal silicide regions of semiconductor structures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Electrical interconnect techniques typically require electrical connection between metal or other conductive layers, or regions, which are present at different elevations within or overlying a semiconductor substrate. Such interconnecting typically is conducted, in part, by etching a trench and/or a contact opening through insulating material to a lower elevation metal layer or metallized region. For example, contact openings commonly are fabricated to make conductive contact to a metal silicide region of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). Trenches and contact openings also are conventionally fabricated to various metal layers to ultimately connect one semiconductor device element on one elevation to another semiconductor device element on another elevation.

Typically, as part of the process for fabricating a contact opening, a photoresist layer is deposited on the insulating material. The photoresist is patterned and etched to expose portions of the insulating layer and transfer the pattern to the insulating layer. The insulating layer is etched to the lower metal layer or region (hereinafter referred to collectively as “metal region”), forming a contact opening within the insulating layer to the metal region. The photoresist then is stripped from the insulating layer and a conductive material is deposited within the contact opening.

During the etching of the contact opening and the subsequent stripping of the photoresist, however, etching residue such as polymer from the photoresist can settle onto the exposed lower metal region. In addition, the metal region can be oxidized by exposure to oxygen in the environment. Some small resistance is associated with each contact between a conductor formed within the contact opening and a metal region. However, etching residue and metal oxide on the metal region increase that resistance, thereby decreasing device performance. Various methods have been used and suggested for cleaning the metal region after formation of the contact opening and before deposition of the conductive material within the contact opening. For example, ionized argon typically has been used to clean the metal region. However, ionized argon can result in sputtering of the metal region. Oxygen-based plasma also has been used, but oxygen-based plasma results in oxidation of the metal region. To reduce contact resistance and enhance device performance, the semiconductor industry is transitioning from cobalt silicide (CoSi₂) to nickel silicide (NiSi) for MOSFET contacts. However, NiSi is quickly oxidized by oxygen plasma to form nickel oxide, which greatly increases the resistivity of the contact. The use of hydrogen-containing plasma has been suggested to clean the metal region. However, the use of hydrogen-containing plasma can be slower and less efficient than desired.

Accordingly, it is desirable to provide improved methods for stripping photoresist and/or cleaning metal regions of semiconductor structures. It is also desirable to provide stripping and/or cleaning methods that do not result in sputtering or oxidation of the metal regions. In addition, it is desirable to provide methods for stripping photoresist and/or cleaning metal regions at enhanced stripping and cleaning rates. It also is desirable to provide methods for fabricating semiconductor structures utilizing such stripping and cleaning methods. Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description of the invention and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following drawing figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for stripping a photoresist and/or cleaning a metal region in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a remote plasma reaction chamber suitable for use with the method illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for stripping a photoresist and/or cleaning a metal region in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a remote plasma reaction chamber suitable for use with the method illustrated in FIG. 3;

FIGS. 5-10 illustrate, in cross-section, a method for fabricating a semiconductor structure in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and

FIGS. 11-16 illustrate, in cross-section, a method for fabricating a semiconductor structure in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following detailed description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention or the application and uses of the invention. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background of the invention or the following detailed description of the invention.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method 100 for stripping a photoresist and/or cleaning a metal layer or a metal region is illustrated in FIG. 1. It will be understood that the method can be used to clean a metal layer, such as a metal wire or interconnect, upon which has formed an undesirable oxide layer or other contaminants. In addition, the method can be used to clean a metal layer or metal region, such as a metal silicide region, to which a contact opening is made through an overlying material layer, such as an insulating layer, with the use of a patterned photoresist. During the etching of the overlying material layer, polymer from the photoresist and other contaminants may deposit on the subsequently exposed metal layer or region. In addition, with the exposure to the ambient, the metal layer or region may be oxidized. Method 100 is used to remove metal oxide and other residue and contaminants from the metal layer or region without the simultaneous oxidizing or sputtering of the metal layer or region. While method 100 can be used solely to clean the metal layer or region, it can also be used to simultaneously remove the overlying photoresist. Alternatively, method 100 can be used solely to remove the overlying photoresist. For the sake of brevity, the term “metal regions” will be used hereinafter to refer collectively to metal layers, metal wires, metal interconnects, and other metal regions, such as metal silicide regions.

The method 100 begins by positioning the metal region in a plasma reaction chamber apparatus (step 102). Preferably, the plasma reaction chamber apparatus is a remote (down-stream) plasma reaction chamber apparatus. FIG. 2 is a simplified cross-sectional illustration of a conventional apparatus 200 used for remote plasma exposure. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other forms of plasma chambers may be used to practice the various embodiments of the present invention, including direct (in situ plasma) plasma reaction chamber apparatuses. Examples of suitable apparatuses are the Novellus Gamma® 2100 and Gamma® 2130 systems, which are multi-station sequential processing systems that include photoresist stripping stations and plasma reaction chambers in one apparatus, the Novellus Inova® NexT integrated metal deposition system, which is a single wafer multi-chamber system, and the Novellus Sequel® and Vector® dielectric deposition systems, which also are multi-station sequential processing systems. In apparatus 200, a plasma 204 is created by direct excitation of molecular gas, indicated by arrows 202, flowing through a quartz tube 206 with an inductive coil 208 encircling it. RF power is applied to the coil 208 creating atomic, ionized, and excited gas species. The plasma is essentially confined to the quartz tube. A metal region 210, typically formed overlying a substrate 212, such as a semiconductor substrate, is positioned in a processing chamber 214 downstream from the center of the coil 208 such that the metal region 210 is not exposed directly to the plasma. The processing chamber 214 may be separated from the quartz tube by a gas distribution plate 216, otherwise known as a showerhead, that is configured to distribute the plasma evenly over substrate 212. The processing chamber 214 includes a substrate support pedestal 220 and low pressure is maintained within the processing chamber by a vacuum pump via conduit 218.

As noted above, the metal region typically is formed overlying a substrate 212, such as a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor substrate is preferably a silicon substrate wherein the term “silicon substrate” is used herein to encompass the relatively pure silicon materials typically used in the semiconductor industry as well as silicon admixed with other elements such as germanium, carbon, and the like. Alternatively, the semiconductor substrate can be germanium, gallium arsenide, or other semiconductor material. The substrate may be a bulk silicon wafer, or may be a thin layer of silicon on an insulating layer (commonly know as silicon-on-insulator or SOI) that, in turn, is supported by a carrier wafer. The metal region may be disposed on or within the semiconductor substrate or may overlie the semiconductor substrate with various insulating, metal, and semiconductor layers disposed therebetween. A photoresist 224 may overlie an insulating layer disposed on the semiconductor substrate and exposing the metal region.

The substrate 212 is placed on the substrate support pedestal 220 and gas 202 is supplied to the quartz tube 206 through one or more entry ports 222. The gas 202 comprises hydrogen and carbon dioxide (CO₂). In this regard, gas 202 comprises CO₂ in an amount sufficient to increase the cleaning rate of plasma 204 but less than an amount that would result in substantial oxidation of the metal region 210. While CO₂ comprises oxygen, the formation of metal oxide occurs at a much slower rate than if O₂ is a component of gas 202. In one embodiment of the invention, CO₂ is present in an amount no less than 0.1% and no greater than 10% of gas 202. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, CO₂ is present in an amount of no less than 0.1% and no greater than 5%. In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, CO₂ is present in an amount no less than 0.1% and no greater than 1%.

Method 100 may be implemented for any size substrate or semiconductor wafer. Most modern wafer fabrication facilities use either 200 mm or 300 mm wafers. Process conditions of method 100 may vary depending on the wafer size. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, during the plasma process, the substrate 212 is heated by a resistive heater (not shown) within the pedestal 220 to a steady state temperature (step 104), thereby heating metal region 210. In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 212 is heated or adjusted to and maintained at a temperature in the range of about 200° C. and 450° C. In another exemplary embodiment, the temperature of the substrate 212 is heated or otherwise adjusted to and maintained at a temperature in the range of about 270° C. to about 350° C. The pressure within processing chamber 214 may range, for example, from 1 mTorr to 5 Torr. Preferably, the pressure ranges from 0.9 Torr to 1.1 Torr. Before, during or after heating of the substrate 212, RF power is supplied to the coil 208 to form plasma 204 from the gas 202 (step 106). The RF power supplied to the coil is sufficient to maintain a stable plasma within the quartz tube for the duration of the plasma process. In an exemplary embodiment, the RF power is in the range of about 100 Watts to about 5000 Watts. The gas 202 (or the components thereof) flow through entry port(s) 222 at a rate sufficient to provide a substantially constant supply of gas from which to form the plasma. In an exemplary embodiment, if a 300 mm wafer is used, the flow rate of the gas 202 is in the range of about 100 standard cubic centimeters per minute (seem) to about 100,000 seem. The flow rate of carbon dioxide will be in the range of 1 seem and about 5000 seem.

The metal region 210 then is exposed to the plasma (step 108). If present, the photoresist 224 also is exposed to the plasma. Substrate 212 may be temperature controlled and/or an RF bias may be applied. Upon production of the plasma, atomic, ionized, and excited H, H₂, CO, and CO₂ species flow from the plasma and interact with photoresist 224 and with the residue and oxide on the metal region 210. Showerhead 216, which is grounded, terminates the flow of some ions due to recombination and allows the flow of neutral species into processing chamber 214. The photoresist is converted to volatile hydrocarbon compounds that are desorbed from the insulating layer upon which it is disposed. The residue and any oxide on the surface of the metal region also are converted by the plasma to volatile species that are desorbed from the surface with minimal or no sputtering of the metal region and minimal or no oxidation of the metal region.

In accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method 250 for stripping a photoresist and/or cleaning a metal region is illustrated in FIG. 3. As with method 100, method 250 can be used to clean a metal layer, such as a metal wire or interconnect, upon which has formed an undesirable oxide layer or other contaminants. In addition, the method can be used to clean a metal layer or metal region, such as a conductive via or a metal silicide region to which a contact opening is made through an overlying material layer, such as an insulating layer, with the use of a patterned photoresist. While method 250 can be used solely to clean the metal region, it also can be used to simultaneously remove an overlying photoresist. Alternatively, method 250 can be used solely to remove the overlying photoresist. Method 250 is similar to method 100 but, as described below, method 250 includes the step of introducing an inert gas to a remote plasma reaction chamber apparatus. The inert gas is introduced upstream from the metal region but downstream from the region of the apparatus where the plasma is formed. In this regard, the required hydrogen flow rate can be reduced while the photoresist strip rate and the metal region clean rate are maintained.

The method 250 begins as does method 100 with the step of positioning the metal region in a remote plasma reaction chamber apparatus (step 102). FIG. 4 is a simplified cross-sectional illustration of a remote plasma reaction chamber apparatus 270 suitable to practice method 250. Plasma reaction chamber apparatus 270 is similar to plasma reaction chamber apparatus 200; however, apparatus 270 comprises at least one inert gas inlet 272. Inert gas inlet 272 is downstream of the area of the apparatus where the plasma is formed, i.e., quartz tube 206, and is upstream from showerhead 216 and substrate support pedestal 220.

As described above with reference to method 100, the substrate 212 having metal region 210, and optionally photoresist 224, is placed on the substrate support pedestal 220 and gas 202 is supplied to the quartz tube 206 through entry port 222. The gas 202 comprises hydrogen and carbon dioxide. As described above, gas 202 comprises CO₂ in an amount sufficient to increase the cleaning rate of plasma 204 but less than an amount that would result in substantial oxidation of the metal region 210. While CO₂ comprises oxygen, the formation of metal oxide occurs at a much slower rate than if O₂ is a component of gas 202. In one embodiment of the invention, CO₂ is present in an amount no less than 0.1% and no greater than 10% of the total gas in the chamber, that is, H₂, CO₂, and the inert gas, described below. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, CO₂ is present in an amount no less than 0.1% and no greater than 5%. In more preferred embodiment of the invention, CO₂ is present in an amount no less than 0.1% and no greater than 1%.

Method 250 may be implemented for any size substrate or semiconductor wafer and process conditions of method 250 may vary depending on the wafer size. Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, during the plasma process, the substrate 212 is heated by a resistive heater (not shown) within the pedestal 220 to a steady state temperature (step 104), thereby heating metal region 210. In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 212 is heated or adjusted to and maintained at a temperature in the range of about 200° C. and 450° C. In another exemplary embodiment, the temperature of the substrate 212 is heated or otherwise adjusted to and maintained at a temperature in the range of about 270° C. to about 350° C. The pressure within processing chamber 214 may range, for example, from 1 mTorr to 5 Torr. Preferably, the pressure ranges from 0.9 Torr to 1.1 Torr. Before, during or after heating of the substrate 212, RF power is supplied to the coil 208 to form plasma 204 from the gas 202 (step 106). The RF power supplied to the coil is sufficient to maintain a stable plasma within the quartz tube for the duration of the plasma process. In an exemplary embodiment, the RF power is in the range of about 100 Watts to about 5000 Watts. The gas 202 (or the components thereof) flow through entry port 222 at a rate sufficient to provide a substantially constant supply of gas from which to form the plasma. In an exemplary embodiment, if a 300 mm wafer is used, the flow rate of the gas 202 is in the range of about 100 sccm to about 100,000 sccm. The flow rate of carbon dioxide will be in the range of 1 sccm and about 5000 sccm.

An inert gas, illustrated by arrows 274, is introduced via gas inlet 272 upstream of the showerhead 216 and downstream from where plasma 204 is formed (step 252). Gas inlet 272 may be any type of gas inlet and may include multiple ports or jets to optimize mixing the inert gas with the plasma. The inert gas 274 may comprise, for example, argon (Ar) or helium (He). In a preferred embodiment, the inert gas comprises argon. The inert gas flow rate into processing chamber 214 is in the range of about 1 to about 20 times the hydrogen flow rate. In a preferred embodiment, the inert gas flow rate is in the range of about 19 to about 20 times the hydrogen flow rate. The inert gas mixes with the plasma 204. Showerhead 216 directs the plasma/inert gas mixture into processing chamber 214. Showerhead 216, which is grounded, terminates the flow of some ions by recombination and allows the flow of neutral species into processing chamber 214. Substrate 212 may be temperature controlled and/or an RF bias may be applied.

The metal region 210 then is exposed to the plasma/inert gas mixture (step 254). If present, the photoresist 224 also is exposed to the plasma/inert gas mixture. Atomic, ionized, and excited H, H₂, CO, and CO₂ species flow from the plasma and interact with the photoresist and the residue and oxide on the metal region 210. The photoresist is converted to volatile hydrocarbons that are desorbed from the insulating layer upon which it is disposed. The residue and oxide also are converted by the plasma to volatile species that are desorbed from the metal region with minimal or no sputtering of the metal region and minimal or no oxidation of the metal region.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus does not include showerhead 216. In these embodiments, the inert gas inlets 272 introduce the inert gas directly into the processing chamber 214 where it mixes with the plasma upstream of substrate 212.

FIGS. 5-10 illustrate a method for fabricating a semiconductor structure 300 using cleaning method 100 or cleaning method 250 in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention. For purposes of illustration, semiconductor structure 300 is a MOSFET device to be formed on and within a silicon substrate. However, it will be appreciated that the various embodiments of cleaning method 100 and cleaning method 250 are not limited to the fabrication of MOSFET devices but can be used for the fabrication of any semiconductor structure having metal regions from which oxides, polymer residues, and/or other contaminants are to be removed. Various steps in the manufacture of MOSFETs are well known and so, in the interest of brevity, many conventional steps will only be mentioned briefly herein or will be omitted entirely without providing the well known process details.

Referring to FIG. 5, a MOSFET gate electrode 302 is disposed overlying a silicon substrate 322, similar to semiconductor substrate 212 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4, with a gate insulator 330 disposed therebetween. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that semiconductor structure 300 may include a large number of such gate electrodes 302 as required to implement a desired circuit function. The initial steps in the fabrication of gate electrode 302 are conventional so the structure resulting from these steps is illustrated in FIG. 5, but the initial steps themselves are not shown. Although the term “MOSFET” properly refers to a device having a metal gate electrode and an oxide gate insulator, that term will be used throughout to refer to any semiconductor device that includes a conductive gate electrode (whether metal or other conductive material) that is positioned over a gate insulator (whether oxide or other insulator) which, in turn, is positioned over a semiconductor substrate.

A surface portion 304 of the substrate 322 is doped with P-type conductivity determining impurities for the fabrication of an n-channel MOSFET or with N-type conductivity determining impurities for the fabrication of P-channel MOSFET. Portion 304 can be impurity doped, for example, by the implantation and subsequent thermal annealing of dopant ions such as boron and arsenic.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a layer 306 of a silicide-forming metal is deposited over the structure and in contact with the exposed portion 304. The silicide-forming metal typically comprises cobalt, nickel, rhenium, ruthenium, palladium or any other suitable metal and is deposited to a thickness in the range of about 5 nm to about 20 nm. The silicide-forming metal can be deposited, for example, by plasma vapor deposition (PVD) or electrochemical deposition.

Referring to FIG. 6, the method continues with the heating of the structure, for example by rapid thermal annealing (RTA), to cause the silicide-forming metal 306 to react with the silicon to form a metal silicide 308 at the surface of the exposed portion 304. Silicide forms only in those areas where there is exposed silicon in contact with the silicide-forming metal. Silicide does not form, and the silicide-forming metals remain unreacted, in those areas where there is no exposed silicon such as on the sidewalls of metal gate electrode 302. The unreacted silicide-forming metal can be removed by wet etching in a H₂O₂/H₂SO₄, HNO₃/HCl, or aqua regia (H₂O, HCl, and HNO₃) solution. A blanket layer of insulating material 310 is deposited overlying the semiconductor structure 300, as illustrated in FIG. 7. The insulating material can be, for example, a silicon oxide-based material or a polymer and can be deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), or the like.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method continues with photolithographically patterning and etching the insulating material layer 310 to expose a portion of metal silicide 308. In this regard, a photoresist 312 is formed overlying the insulating material layer 310 and is patterned by conventional photolithography processing to form an opening 314, as illustrated in FIG. 8. The photoresist 312 can be any photoresist polymer utilized in semiconductor technology and can be patterned using conventional lithography methods such as, for example, I-line or deep UV lithography. The insulating material layer 310 then is etched to form a contact opening 316 that extends through the insulating material layer to expose a portion 318 of metal silicide 308. The insulating layer 310 can be etched by, for example, reactive ion etching (RIE) using a fluorine-based chemistry.

Referring to FIG. 9, after forming the contact opening 316, the photoresist 312 is stripped and the exposed portion 318 of metal silicide 308 is cleaned using method 100 or method 250 described above to remove any polymer deposited during removal of the photoresist and any other oxides and contaminants that may have formed or deposited on portion 318 during etching of insulating layer 310 and removal of photoresist 312. The photoresist may be stripped simultaneously with the cleaning of the exposed portion 318 or may be stripped prior to cleaning of exposed portion 318. The semiconductor structure 300 is disposed within a plasma reaction chamber and the semiconductor substrate 322 is heated or adjusted to and maintained at a temperature, for example, in the range of about 200° C. and 450° C., preferably at a temperature in the range of about 270° C. and 350° C. As described above, a plasma is created from a gas comprising hydrogen and CO₂. The exposed portion 318 of metal silicide 308 is subjected to the plasma, indicated by arrows 320 and, if using cleaning method 250, to inert gas to remove the polymer residue, oxides, and contaminants from the metal silicide 308. Any of the processing parameters described above for cleaning methods 100 and 250 can be used to clean exposed portion 318 using the respective method.

A thin layer of a first conductive material, such as a barrier layer, typically is deposited within contact opening 316 followed by deposition of a second conductive material, such as tungsten or copper or an alloy thereof, to form a conductive contact to metal silicide 308. Accordingly, semiconductor structure 300 can be moved to another processing chamber, such as a PVD or CVD chamber, within which the conductive material can be deposited. However, during transition of semiconductor structure 300 between processing apparatuses, such as during the transition from a photoresist stripping tool to a PVD system, semiconductor structure 300 may be exposed to an ambient environment. Exposure to the ambient environment may result in re-oxidation of the exposed metal silicide portion along with the deposition of other contaminants. In addition, semiconductor structure 300 may be stored for a period of time, during which oxides may form and other contaminants may deposit. To remove such contamination before deposition of the conductive material, structure 300 again can be cleaned using cleaning method 100 or cleaning method 250 as described above. The cleaning method can be performed in a stand-alone plasma clean chamber and the semiconductor structure 300 can be protected from the environment during transition to a deposition chamber, or the method can be performed in a multi-chamber apparatus having a deposition chamber and a plasma clean chamber. Thus, cleaning method 100 or cleaning method 250 can be performed as a “post-clean” after formation of contact opening 316 and as a “pre-clean” before deposition of conductive material within contact opening 316. Referring to FIG. 10, after cleaning of portion 318 of metal silicide 308, conductive material layer(s) can be deposited within contact opening 316 to form a conductive contact 324 to metal silicide 308. Any excess conductive material formed on insulating material layer 310 can be removed by an etching process or more typically by chemical mechanical planarization (CMP).

FIGS. 11-16 illustrate a method for fabricating a semiconductor structure 350 using cleaning method 100 or cleaning method 250 in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention. For purposes of illustration, semiconductor structure 350 is a metal interconnect structure. However, it will be appreciated that the various embodiments of cleaning method 100 and cleaning method 250 are not limited to the fabrication of metal interconnect structures but can be used for the fabrication of any semiconductor structure having metal regions from which oxides, polymer residues, and/or other contaminants are to be removed. Various steps in the manufacture of metal interconnect structures are well known and so, in the interest of brevity, many conventional steps will only be mentioned briefly herein or will be omitted entirely without providing the well known process details.

Referring to FIG. 11, the method begins by providing a semiconductor structure 350 with a first metal interconnect 352, such as a metal wire or contact trace, that is disposed within a first insulating layer 354. First metal interconnect 352 may comprise any suitable metal such as, for example, aluminum, copper, gold, tungsten, titanium, or alloys thereof, or a combination of metal layers. First insulating layer 354 may be formed of any suitable dielectric material such as, for example, silicon dioxide, spin-on glass, carbon-doped silicon oxide, silicon carbide, or the like. Metal interconnect 352 may be electrically coupled to a semiconductor device, another metal interconnect or wire, or the like by, for example, a first conductive via 356. First conductive via 358 may comprise any suitable metal, such as aluminum, copper, gold, tungsten, titanium or alloys thereof or a combination of metal layers. A second insulating layer 358 is disposed on first metal interconnect 352 and first insulating layer 354. Second insulating layer 358 may comprise any of the insulating materials of which first insulating layer 354 is formed.

Referring to FIG. 12, a partial via or opening 360 is etched by conventional photolithography within second insulating layer 358 and overlying first metal interconnect 352, leaving a barrier layer or portion 362 of second insulating layer 358 between partial via 360 and first metal interconnect 352. As described above, partial via 360 may be etched by first depositing a first photoresist (not shown) and then patterning the first photoresist by conventional lithography methods. Second insulating layer 358 can be etched by, for example, RIE using a fluorine-based chemistry. The first photoresist then can be removed by, for example, using any of the embodiments of method 100 or method 250 described above or by conventional ashing methods. As illustrated in FIG. 13, after etching of partial via 360, a trench 364 is etched within second insulating layer 358 and above via 360. During etching of trench 364, the portion 362 between partial via 360 and first interconnect 352 also may be etched, exposing a region 366 of first interconnect 352. Trench 364 may be etched by depositing a second photoresist (not shown) and patterning the second photoresist by conventional lithography methods. Second insulating layer 358 can be etched by, for example, RIE using a fluorine-based chemistry. If portion 362 is not removed during etching of trench 364, it can be subsequently removed by further etching. The second photoresist is then removed.

Simultaneously with the removal of the second photoresist or, alternatively, after the second photoresist is removed, the exposed region 366 of first metal interconnect 352 can be cleaned as described above using any of the embodiments described above for method 100 or method 250 to remove any photoresist residue, oxides or other contaminants that may have formed or deposited on exposed region 366. In this regard, the semiconductor structure 350 is disposed within a plasma clean chamber on the support pedestal of the plasma reaction chamber and the pedestal is heated or adjusted to and maintained at a temperature in the range of about 200° C. and 450° C., preferably at a temperature in the range of about 270° C. and 350° C. As described above, a plasma is created from a gas comprising hydrogen and CO₂. The exposed region 366 of first metal interconnect 352 is subjected to the plasma, indicated by arrows 368 and, if using cleaning method 250, to inert gas to remove oxides and contaminants from region 366. Any of the processing parameters described above for cleaning methods 100 and 250 can be used to clean region 366 using the respective method.

The semiconductor structure 350 then can be positioned within a deposition apparatus such as, for example, the Novellus INOVA® XT apparatus, for deposition of a conductive material within trench 364 and via 360. However, prior to deposition of the conductive material, exposed region 366 again may be cleaned using any of the embodiments described above for method 100 or method 250 to remove any oxides or other contaminates that may have formed or deposited on exposed region 366 during transfer of semiconductor structure 350 and storage thereof. A blanket layer of conductive material 370 then is deposited within via 360 and trench 364 in electrical contact with first metal interconnect 352 and overlying second insulating layer 358, as illustrated in FIG. 14. Conductive layer 370 may be formed of any suitable conductive material such as, for example, aluminum, copper, gold, tungsten, titanium or alloys thereof or a combination of metal layers. For example, conductive layer 370 may be formed of a tantalum or tantalum/tantalum nitride barrier layer and a copper seed layer, both formed by PVD, and a copper fill layer deposited by electroplating. Referring to FIG. 15, excess conductive material of conductive layer 370 disposed outside of via 360 and trench 364 then may be removed by, for example, dry or wet etching or CMP to form second interconnect 372.

The method continues, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, with a cleaning of a surface 374 of second interconnect 372 using any of the above-described embodiments of method 100 or method 250 to remove any oxides or other contaminants that may have formed or deposited on surface 374. The semiconductor structure 350 is disposed within a plasma clean chamber on the support pedestal of the plasma clean chamber and the pedestal is heated or adjusted to and maintained at a temperature in the range of about 200° C. and 450° C., preferably at a temperature in the range of about 270° C. and 350° C. As described above, a plasma is created from a gas comprising hydrogen and CO₂. The exposed surface 374 of second interconnect 374 is subjected to the plasma, indicated by arrows 376 and, if using cleaning method 250, to inert gas to remove oxides and contaminants from surface 374. Any of the processing parameters described above for cleaning methods 100 and 250 can be used to clean surface 374 using the respective method.

Referring to FIG. 16, after cleaning of surface 374 of second interconnect 372, a third insulating layer 380 is formed overlying second interconnect 372 and second insulating layer 358. Third insulating layer 380 typically comprises a dielectric diffusion barrier/etch stop layer such as, for example, silicon carbide (SiC) or silicon nitride (SiN) and an overlying interlevel dielectric layer such as silicon dioxide, carbon-doped silicon oxide, and the like. Suitable systems for performing the above-described cleaning methods 100 and 250 followed by the formation of insulating layer 380 are the Novellus Sequel® and Vector® systems. The process may continue with the formation and cleaning of a third interconnect or with the formation of any other suitable device.

Accordingly, methods for stripping photoresist and/or cleaning a metal region have been provided. The methods utilize a plasma formed from a gas comprising hydrogen and CO₂. The presence of the CO₂ increases the cleaning speed of the plasma without oxidizing the metal region or damaging the metal region by sputtering. An inert gas may be mixed with the plasma to reduce the required hydrogen flow rate while maintaining the photoresist strip rate and the metal region clean rate. While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing detailed description of the invention, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims and their legal equivalents. 

1. A method for removing material from a metal region, the method comprising the steps of: heating the metal region; forming a plasma from a gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and exposing the metal region to the plasma.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of heating the metal region comprises the steps of positioning the metal region overlying a pedestal and heating the pedestal to a temperature in a range of about 200° C. to about 450° C.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of heating the pedestal comprises the step of heating the pedestal to a temperature in a range of about 270° C. and 350° C.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming a plasma comprises the step of forming the plasma from the gas comprising hydrogen and about 0.1% to about 10% carbon dioxide.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of forming a plasma comprises the step of forming the plasma from the gas comprising hydrogen and about 0.1% to about 1% carbon dioxide.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of positioning the metal region in a remote plasma reaction chamber apparatus, the step of positioning performed before the step of heating.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of positioning the metal region in an in situ plasma reaction chamber apparatus, the step of positioning performed before the step of heating.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of heating the metal region comprises the step of heating a metal silicide region.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of heating a metal silicide region comprises the step of heating a nickel silicide region.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of heating a metal region comprises the step of heating a metal interconnect.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of exposing comprises the step of exposing the metal region to the plasma and an inert gas.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of exposing comprises the step of exposing the metal region to the plasma and to argon.
 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of introducing the inert gas upstream from the metal region, wherein the inert gas has a flow rate in a range of about 0.15 and 25 times a flow rate of the hydrogen.
 14. A method for cleaning a metal region overlying a semiconductor substrate, the method comprising the steps of: heating the semiconductor substrate; exciting a gas to form a plasma, wherein the gas comprises hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and subjecting the metal region to the excited gas.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of heating the semiconductor substrate comprises the step of heating the semiconductor substrate to a temperature in a range of about 200° C. to about 450° C.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of heating the semiconductor substrate comprises the step of heating the semiconductor substrate to a temperature in a range of about 270° C. and 350° C.
 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of exciting a gas to form a plasma comprises the step of exciting the gas comprising hydrogen and about 0.1% to about 10% carbon dioxide.
 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the metal region is a metal silicide region and the step of heating the semiconductor substrate comprises the step of heating a silicon-comprising substrate.
 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of exciting a gas to form a plasma comprises the step of exciting the gas upstream from the semiconductor substrate and further comprising the steps of introducing an inert gas upstream from the semiconductor substrate, and wherein the step of subjecting comprises the step of subjecting the metal region to the plasma and the inert gas.
 20. A method for fabricating a semiconductor structure, the method comprising the steps of: forming an insulating layer overlying a metal region; etching the insulating layer to the metal region to form a contact opening exposing a portion of the metal region; heating the metal region to a first temperature in a range of about 200° C. to about 450° C.; exciting a gas to form a first plasma, wherein the gas comprises hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and subjecting the portion of the metal region to the first plasma.
 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of forming a photoresist overlying the insulating layer and patterning the photoresist, the steps of forming and patterning performed after the step of forming the insulating layer and before the step of etching the insulating layer.
 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising the step of subjecting the photoresist to the first plasma to at least substantially remove the photoresist.
 23. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of introducing an inert gas and wherein the step of subjecting comprises the step of subjecting the portion of the metal region to the first plasma and the inert gas.
 24. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of exciting a gas to form a first plasma comprises the step of exciting the gas comprising hydrogen and about 0.1% to about 10% carbon dioxide.
 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the step of exciting a gas to form a first plasma comprises the step of exciting the gas comprising hydrogen and about 0.1% to about 1% carbon dioxide.
 26. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of depositing a conductive material within the contact opening, the step of depositing performed after the step of subjecting the portion of the metal region to the first plasma.
 27. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of positioning the metal region in a remote plasma reaction chamber, the step of positioning performed before the step of heating.
 28. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of positioning the metal region in an in situ plasma reaction chamber, the step of positioning performed before the step of heating.
 29. The method of claim 20, further comprising: heating the metal region to a second temperature in a range of about 200° C. to about 450° C.; exciting a gas to form a second plasma, wherein the gas comprises hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and subjecting the portion of the metal region to the second plasma.
 30. The method of claim 29, further comprising the step of introducing an inert gas and wherein the step of subjecting comprises the step of subjecting the portion of the metal region to the second plasma and the inert gas.
 31. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of etching comprises the step of etching the insulating layer to form a trench overlying the contact opening.
 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising: depositing conductive material within the trench and contact opening to form a metal interconnect and a conductive via; heating the metal interconnect to a second temperature in a range of about 200° C. to about 450° C.; exciting a gas to form a second plasma, wherein the gas comprises hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and subjecting a surface of the metal interconnect to the second plasma.
 33. The method of claim 33, further comprising the step of introducing an inert gas and wherein the step of subjecting a surface of the metal interconnect comprises the step of subjecting the surface of the metal interconnect to the second plasma and the inert gas.
 34. A method for fabricating a semiconductor structure, the method comprising the steps of: heating a metal region to a first temperature in the range of about 200° C. to about 450° C.; exciting a gas to form a plasma, wherein the gas comprises hydrogen and carbon dioxide; subjecting the metal region to a plasma; and forming an insulating layer overlying the metal region.
 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the step of subjecting the metal region to a plasma comprises the step of subjecting the metal region to a plasma and an inert gas.
 36. The method of claim 34, wherein the step of exciting a gas to form a plasma comprises the step of exciting the gas comprising hydrogen and about 0.1% to about 10% carbon dioxide.
 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the step of exciting a gas to form a plasma comprises the step of exciting the gas comprising hydrogen and about 0.1% to about 1% carbon dioxide. 